Autologous Th2-polarized lymphocytes induce atopic dermatitis lesions in non-atopic human skin xenotransplants

, , ,
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common, as yet incurable chronic inflammatory skin diseases, which occurs in distinct endotypes and shows increasing prevalence.

Dermal fibroblasts are the key sensors of aseptic skin inflammation through interleukin 1 release by lesioned keratinocytes

, ,
IL-1 plays a crucial role in triggering sterile inflammation following tissue injury. Although most studies associate IL-1 release by injured cells to the recruitment of neutrophils for tissue repair, the inflammatory cascade involves several molecular and cellular actors whose role remains to be specified.

Lymphotonic activity of Ruscus extract, hesperidin methyl chalcone and vitamin C in human lymphatic smooth muscle cells

,
Besides actions including their venotonic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects, venoactive drugs are expected to act on edema via their action on lymphatics.
Tg2576 Alzheimer

Cerebrovascular β-amyloid deposition and associated microhemorrhages in a Tg2576 Alzheimer mouse model are reduced with a DHA-enriched diet

,
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a major contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.

Biosimilaires

Apparue dans les années 1980, la notion de biosimilaire désigne un produit biologique identique en tout point (forme et substance pharmaceutique, caractéristiques physicochimiques et biologiques) à un médicament biologique original (vaccin, anticorps, facteur de croissance, etc.) déjà commercialisé et dont le brevet est expiré. La démonstration de la similarité en termes de sécurité et d’efficacité entre les deux produits biologiques est un processus complexe qui requiert notamment de nouveaux essais précliniques
autophagy

Increased fatty acid synthesis inhibits nitrogen starvation-induced autophagy in lipid droplet-deficient yeast

,
Cerulenin, a potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthase, and exogenous addition of palmitic acid could restore nitrogen-starvation induced autophagy in the absence of lipid droplets.

IL22/IL-22R pathway induces cell survival in human glioblastoma cells

, , , , ,
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family that binds to a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) and IL-10R2. IL-22R expression was initially characterized on epithelial cells, and plays an essential role in a number of inflammatory diseases.

Inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation by the synergistic effect of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-1α, TNFα and oncostatin M

, , ,
This study highlights the precise role of cytokines in the skin inflammatory response (psoriasis). IL-22 and OSM more specifically drive epidermal hyperplasia and differentiation loss while IL-1α, IL-17A and TNFα were more involved in the activation of innate immunity.
HNF1β prostate cancer

Expression patterns of candidate susceptibility genes HNF1β and CtBP2 in prostate cancer: Association with tumor progression

, , ,
Genome-wide association studies have identified variants at multiple loci associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Some of these loci include candidate susceptibility genes, such as MSMB, HNF1β, and C-terminal-binding protein (CtBP2). Except for MSMB, the clinicopathological significance of these genes has not been investigated. We therefore aimed to analyze their expression in PCa tissues, in relation with tumor progression and aggressiveness.

Contribution of IL22 to experimental skin inflammation

, , ,
Focused on in vitro human models, we present the mechanisms of action of IL22 as well as its involvement in structure, metabolism, differentiation, chemotaxis, antibacterial activity, innate immunity, and tissue remodeling of epidermis.

Involvement of IL-1 and Oncostatin M in acanthosis associated with hypertensive leg ulcer

, , ,
Hypertensive leg ulcer (HLU) is an inflammatory disease characterized by intense pain, alteration of vascularization, and skin necrosis. The optimal treatment relies on surgical removal of necrotic tissues covered by a split-skin graft.

The gap junction protein Cx43 is involved in the bone-targeted metastatic behaviour of human prostate cancer cells

, , ,
We investigated the effect of the increased Cx43 expression, by retroviral infection, on the metastatic behaviour of two well-characterized cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) representing different stages of PCa progression. It appeared that Cx43 differently behaved in those cell lines and induced different phenotypes.

CCL20 and β-defensin-2 induce arrest of human Th17 cells on inflamed endothelium in vitro under flow conditions

, , ,
These results indicate that Ag-specific activation will initially contribute to CCR6-mediated Th17 cell trafficking toward and sequestration in inflamed tissue, but that it eventually results in a transitory state of nonresponsiveness to further stimulation of these cells with CCR6 ligands, thus permitting their subsequent migration out of the inflamed site.

Human embryonic stem-cell derivatives for full reconstruction of the pluristratified epidermis: a preclinical study

, , , , ,
To assess whether the keratinocyte progeny of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) could be used to form a temporary skin substitute for use in patients awaiting autologous grafts, we investigated the cells' capability of constructing a pluristratified epidermis.
moclobemide

Moclobemide attenuates anoxia and glutamate induced neuronal damage in vitro independently of interaction with glutamate receptors subtypes

,
The present study examined the in vitro effects of the antidepressant and type-A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, moclobemide, in neuronal-astroglial cultures from rat cerebral cortex exposed to anoxia (for 5 and 7 h) or to glutamate (2 mM for 6 h), two in vitro models of brain ischemia.
beta-sitosterol

in vitro effects of polyphenols from cocoa and beta-sitosterol on the growth of human prostate cancer and normal cells

, , ,
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of different cocoa polyphenols extracts, alone or combined with beta-sitosterol, on two human prostate cancer cell lines (nonmetastatic 22Rv1 cells and metastatic DU145 cells) and a normal human prostate cell line (RWEP-1)
IL-22

IL-22 inhibits epidermal differentiation and induces proinflammatory gene expression and migration of human keratinocytes

, , ,
IL-22 belongs to a family of cytokines structurally related to IL-10, including IL-19, IL-20, IL-24, and IL-26. In contrast to IL-10, IL-22 has proinflammatory activities. IL-22 signals through a class II cytokine receptor composed of an IL-22-binding chain, IL-22RA1, and the IL-10RB subunit, which is shared with the IL-10R.